Organizational Behavior and Leadership Quiz Questions

Employees A and B work together on the same project team. When the team faces a complex and difficult problem, the team leader usually asks B to generate alternative solutions for the team to consider. Experience has shown that B actively searches for additional information and is more likely to take initiative and to feel that the team can effectively influence the outcomes of its actions. Employee A tends to do well on jobs that are well structured and routine and feels that the outcomes of the teams actions are determined by luck or chance. Employee A exhibits an external locus of control, and employee B exhibits an internal locus of control. Employee B was upset by Employee As behavior at the departments planning meeting.†¦show more content†¦How should the team leader attempt to resolve the problem? Coach the team through the difficulty Which option defines organizational culture? A shared system of meanings that is unique to the organization Which attributes are included in the seven primary characteristics that define an organizations culture? Attention to detail, innovation and risk taking, people orientation What is one of the forces that plays a particularly important role in sustaining an organizations culture? Socialization process How can an organization transmit its culture to its employees? By using material symbols and specific language When is organizational culture considered dysfunctional? When cultural incompatibility deters making acquisitions or mergers What is an advantage of a strong organizational culture? The company has low employee turnover How might a charismatic leader work to increase performance in an organization? Articulate an appealing vision. Which contingency theory of leadership proposes that early in the interaction between a leader and a given follower the leader implicitly categorizes the follower as an in or an out? Leader-member exchange theory What is a characteristic employed by transformational leaders? Provides vision and sense of mission and gains trust Which approach might be used to mentor a less-experienced employee? Counseling and sponsorship WhichShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. This course equips students with the knowledgeRead MoreMotivation Is More Than Getting People For Work For A Paycheck805 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated employees are happy employees. (Leadership-central.com). They talk positively about the company, products and their jobs. They also tend to be more productive members of society. Therefore, should take the time and effort to motivate employees. Based on DuBrin’s leadership self assessment quiz, I rank 83 out of 100, putting me on the high end of average abilities to motivate others (2013). Personally, I believe that I rank higher as some of the questions are written in absolutes. For exampleRead MoreClinical Leadership : Nursing From My Practice1384 Words   |  6 PagesClinical leadership in nursing from my Practice Kathryn Moultrie NU 414: Interprofessional Teams Week 11 Professor Rachelle Mack Saint Joseph’s College Maine December 31, 2016 â€Æ' Clinical leadership in Nursing from my Practice The Clinical Leadership is an emerging nursing role among the interprofessional group of Registered Nurses. This role was developed by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) in collaboration with an array of leaders from the practice environment. Two AmericanRead MoreThe Purpose Of This Essay Is To Identify And Explain Key1314 Words   |  6 Pageshighlight leadership style, organization stability, culture, and diversity of the workforce as well as identify the need for communication within an organization. The individual factors contributing to the political behavior in organizations include; the political nature of human behavior, the need for power, Machiavellianism, the self-monitoring trait, and emotional insecurity and the desire to avoid hard work. There is a functional and a dysfunctional approach to the political behavior within theRead MoreC200 course5463 Words   |  22 Pagescompetencies and represents 3 competency units. Introduction Overview This course covers principles of effective management and leadership that maximize organizational performance. 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Differentiate between (a) content, and (b) process theories ofRead MoreThe Emotional Intelligence Test, Decision Making1270 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership style is significant in creating organizational success and being an effective leader. A person’s leadership style is dependent upon a variety of circumstances such as, biases, decision-making abilities, situation, environment, culture, gender, emotional intelligence, and personality. Effective leadership can induce process improvement and performance, maintain a viable gain, and is a strong foundation for organizational development (Jing, Avery, 2016). Research suggests that leadershipRead MoreHuman Behavior in Organizations3648 Words   |  15 PagesMGMT 5032.03 Human Behavior in Organizations Spring 2013 Instructor: Alix Valenti, Ph.D. Phone: 281-283-3159 Associate Professor of Management Fax: 281-283-3951 and Legal Studies E-Mail: valenti@uhcl.edu Office: 3321-16, Bayou Building Class: 1217, Bayou Building Office Hrs: Tuesday and Wednesday, 1-4, and by appointment Textbooks/Required Materials: Behavior in Organizations, 10th ed. Jerald Greenberg. Pearson/Prentice Hall (2011). ISBN 0-13-609019-2 or 978-0-13-609019-9Read MoreThe Leader And Work Environment At The Crested Butte Community School1364 Words   |  6 Pagesthe leader, team or group must weigh the decision against one question, is this what is best for our students?† The decision is more often group-based, meaning what is best for the individual must be best for the student body as a whole. Of course there are situations where the focus rests on the individual but more complex issues need to address what is best for students before implementing plan. Good leaders utilize three leadership styles depending upon the situation. The three styles compriseRead MoreUOP LDR 531 FINAL EXAM Assignments1648 Words   |  7 Pagesand antagonistic relationships with coworkers predict a variety of behaviors organizations find undesirable, including unionization attempts, substance abuse, undue socializing, and tardiness. These behaviors are indicators of a broader syndrome called A. Positivity offset. B. Employee withdrawal. C. Cognitive dissonance. D. Rotten apple syndrome. To download the complete Questions and Answers click LDR 531 Final Exam 2. Organizational momentum ________________. E. is not promoted by stability within

The Themes in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

The Themes in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† the reader finds several themes. These will be discussed in this essay. Morse Peckham in â€Å"The Development of Hawthorne’s Romanticism† explains what he interprets Hawthorne’s main theme to be: Once the self has been redeemed from society it can be explored in its own terms, and for this purpose Hawthorne developed his peculiar use of emblematic allegory. . . . This technique, though Hawthorne’s is different from that of European writers, creates analogies between self and not-self, between personality and the worlds. . . .Henceforth Hawthorne’s theme is the redemption of the self through the acceptance and exploitation†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The humor in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is not so apparent to this reader as is the love; I refer to the deep love which Goodman has for his wife, Faith. When he says goodbye and starts down the street, headed for the forest, the protagonist really feels a deep consideration for Faith’s feelings: Poor little Faith! thought he, for his heart smote him. What a wretch am I, to leave her on such an errand! She talks of dreams, too. Methought, as she spoke, there was trouble in her face, as if a dream had warned her what work is to be done tonight. But, no, no! twould kill her to think it. Well; shes a blessed angel on earth; and after this one night, Ill cling to her skirts and follow her to Heaven. This love of Brown’s continues throughout the tale. Enroute along the path with the sinister fellow-traveler, Goodman repeatedly recalls his feelings for his wife: Well, then, to end the matter at once, said Goodman Brown, considerably nettled, there is my wife, Faith. It would break her dear little heart; and Id rather break my own! Friend, said he, stubbornly, my mind is made up. Not another step will I budge on this errand. What if a wretched old woman do choose to go to the devil, when I thought she was going to Heaven! Is that any reason why I should quit my dear Faith, and go after her? Faith! shouted Goodman Brown, in a voice of agony and desperation; and the echoes of theShow MoreRelated The Theme of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2278 Words   |  10 PagesThe Theme of Young Goodman Brown      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay intends to develop an interpretation of the theme of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†.    To come by a clear notion of the theme of   â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is no easy task, thanks to the confusing style of the author. As A.N. Kaul says in the â€Å"Introduction† to Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays:    Because Hawthorne was much given to evasions, mystifications, and prevarications of various sorts, because he repeatedly confusesRead MoreAn Analysis of Theme in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essays860 Words   |  4 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne, in his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† details the frailty of human morality when he has the story’s protagonist (Goodman Brown) journey through the forest on All Hollows Eve to witness/participate in a witches’ Sabbath just to see what evil/sin is all about. During Young Goodman Brown’s journey, his faith is shaken as he witnesses those he respects the most also journeying to and participating in the witch’s Sabbath. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstratesRead MoreEssay about Theme of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown3036 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"Young Goodman Brown† –   Theme  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   The themes in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† are not as obvious as might be expected. This essay intends to present an interpretation of the tale along the lines of theme.    In reading Hawthorne’s tales, Herman Melville in â€Å"Hawthorne and His Mosses† (in Literary World, August 17, 24, 1850) makes discoveries relevant to the themes:    Where Hawthorne is known, he seems to be deemed a pleasant writer, with a pleasant styleRead MoreThemes And Imagery In Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown802 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Young Goodman Brown† written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a short narrative following the journey, both literal and metaphorical, of a young man, Goodman Brown. He sets off into the woods, meeting a rather interesting man who is quickly likened to the devil. Throughout the story, Hawthorne does use imagery to imply that the character depicting the devil influenced Goodman Brown to follow a path of evil. However, he also is careful to show that while the â€Å"devil† was an influence, it was ultimately GoodmanRead MoreThe Theme Of Faith In Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown945 Words   |  4 PagesHawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, is a coming of age story of saints and sinners. Goodman Brown, our main character and narrator, leads us through his experience of the forest and the t emptations to give into sin. Yet, it seems he is the most affected within this journey, by his wife of 3 months—Faith. Faith, as well as the puritan society’s as a whole—is represented as innocence and pure. As the story progresses any reader can conclude that not one member of the puritan society is untainted fromRead MoreThe Dichotomy of Self Reliance and Conformity1169 Words   |  5 PagesRomanticism Period. An incredible number of miraculous masterpieces were contrived during this period of enlightenment, including Nathaniel Hawthorne’s dramatically thematic and ambiguous short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, as well as Ralph Waldo Emerson’s intriguingly influential and uplifting essay, â€Å"Self-Reliance†. Hawthorne’s writing aspires to implicate theories and themes about the reality of the world we live in and to illustrate our individual limitations through the art of symbolism and irony. EmersonRead MoreAnalysis O f Young Goodman Brown1179 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is an odd story with a deeper meaning than is apparent on the surface. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† in 1835 with what seems like the intentions of gothic and romance features. However, looking further into the story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† it is clear to see that there is a possibility that the imagery displayed can lead to some interesting theories behind Hawthornes purpose, imagery, and symbolism in the text. Throughout the story, HawthorneRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1065 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown, most of us will readily agree that duplicity is a major theme in the piece, or the idea of different versions of reality. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether Hawthorne is implying that man is inherently evil. Whe reas some are convinced that Young Goodman Brown was good until tainted by the Devil, others maintain that he was evil from the beginning and was completely aware of the evil heRead More Ambiguity in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesAmbiguity in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         There is no end to the ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†; this essay hopes to explore this problem.    Peter Conn in â€Å"Finding a Voice in an New Nation† makes a statement regarding Hawthorne’s ambiguity:      Almost all of Hawthorne’s finest stories are remote in time or place. The glare of contemporary reality immobillized his imagination. He required shadows and half-light, and he sought a nervous equilibriumRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne865 Words   |  4 Pagesequally, if not more, serpent-like staff carrying dark companion. This respectable man is Young Goodman Brown, as portrayed in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. The forest is only a small part of the setting, as this also takes place in a village in Salem Massachusetts and surrounding area the year 1692. The mood is heavy with superstition, confusion, doubt, betrayal, and shallowness. Goodman Brown sets the exposition as he parts with his sweet, pink-capped wife, Faith, to leave at

Incarceration And High Disproportionality Of Aboriginal...

By incarcerating offenders the state based justice system ignores offenders needs and histories (Elliott, 2011, p. 72). The state assumes offenders are rational. This rationality is tied to the system looking at the individual level or the â€Å"bad apples† of responsibility (Zimbardo, 2008; Elliot, 2011, p. 72). However, a rational decision maker is unable to always predict potential alternatives and consequences (Zsolnai, 1997). Therefore, the individual level of responsibly ignores other systematic factors that influence offending. It is arguable that the Western system examines beyond the individual level by incorporating specific sentencing principles for Aboriginal people (see R v Gladue, 1999). However, society still has mass†¦show more content†¦This is likely to curb the successful development of informal controls which is seen as a better deterrent than formal systems of control, like incarceration (MacKenzie De Li, 2002, p. 244). Community justice benefits over the state based justice system with respect to punishment. Specifically, community justice focuses on the restoration and rehabilitation (Taylor Auerhahn, 2015, p. 303), rather than incarceration. Transgressions are given to the victims, offenders and community to resolve rather than letting the state impose arbitrary sanctions. Community justice allows for more direct solutions to solve crime through the collective agreement between all stakeholders (Wenzel et al., 2008, p. 376). This allows for restorative treatment which has higher levels of satisfaction than traditional forms of incarceration (Wenzel et al., 2008, p. 377). The second limitation of the state based justice is system is that victims are ignored and excluded from the formal criminal justice process (Daigle, 2012, p. 2). Under the state system the power is taken away from victims and placed into the hands of the state to ensure control over the criminal proceedings (Elliott, 2011, p. 65). Gromet and Darley (20 06) argue that crime victims experience marginalization and frustration due to their exclusion in criminal proceedings (p. 396). They lack voice and an ability to

Power Distance in the Communication-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Write a reflective report discusses power distance in the communication and leadership style. Answer: Introduction This reflective report discusses power distance in the communication and leadership style. The leadership style could support to examine personality of the employee. It also demonstrates different kinds of leadership styles such as transactional, transformational, Laissez-faire, charismatic and an autocratic leadership style. The transformational leadership style supports the organization to improve their existing performance. It also discusses the issues of cross culture in the organization. Impact of Power distance on leadership styles and communication in multinational companies Woolworth, Wesfarmers I understood that the cultural differences could directly impact on the leadership style. Moreover, the cultural misunderstanding could create the possibilities of business failure. I also observed that cultural problems are associated with the leadership. In addition, it is also evaluated that the leader of organization could be capable to perform many activities like recruitment and retention, making policy and regulation (Zhang, Ahammad, Tarba, Cooper, Glaister, and Wang, 2015). The leader could also deal with the cultural issues in the marketplace. When I was worked in Wesfarmers, I also observed that company face problem at the time of developing trust among employees. I also learned that the elimination of communication barrier could be a complicated task for the leader due to the lack of understanding about appropriate technique. It is also evaluated that lack of trust among diverse culture of employees towards their leader could also be complicated to attain the goal of compa ny (Northouse, 2018). Hence, I gained my understanding about the employees and organizational culture to complete organizational task in the least time. It is found that the leadership theories and practices could support me for effectively implement the leadership style in the workplace and obtain a reliable outcome (Lee, 2016). I gained my understanding about certain components like compensation and employee training as it would be effective for eliminating cultural and communication issues from the working place. Hence, I used many approaches to lead diverse culture of employees and eliminating these issues. Moreover, I realized that self-efficacy technique is effective for improving my existing skills as it support to enhance my efficiency. Further, it is evaluated that self- efficacy is determined as the appropriate behaviour of a leader with respect to the accomplishment of the specified goal (Kahai, Avolio, and Sosik, 2017).The leadership self-efficacy demonstrates challenges that could be faced by the leader and how they resolve their issues. Through this technique, I was capable to evaluate different culture of employees activities as it support to accomplish specified task of company and make reliable decision. I also observed that power distance supports to determine the power equality and or inequality among top to bottom-ranked employees. I also observed that the power distance is a fundamental aspect of the organization because it enables to critically analysis the power of employee for effectively operates the business. From the analysis of Hofstead model, I analysed that a higher power distance demonstrates the inequalities of wealth and power. It will directly influence the growth of society (Berson, Halevy, Shamir, and Erez, 2015). In addition, it is also found that the inequality and hierarchy are the important factors for the culture. I also observed that the culture of an organization is relied on their leader, managers, and leaders of the organization. The managers of high power distance cultures could prefer to implement the authoritarian management style. I observed that if the power distance is higher in any multinational company, which means the leader of company want to earn by higher power. The higher power could enable the leader to force their subordinates for accomplishing the task. In this, employees are depended on their managers for accomplishing the organizational task. When I worked in Woolworth then I used Hofstede model to evaluate the power distance in Australia. I observed that the obtained value of power distance is 36 that means employees are not depended on their manager. For dealing with different culture of Woolworths employees, I used autocratic leadership style for accomplishing the organizational task but I was failed for long-term success. Through this leadership style, I forced to the employee for accomplishing their task that create the higher chance of employees turnover. Through this l eadership style, I never considered to the employees in the decision making as it enhanced stress level among employee that negative impact on the performance of workforce. Thus, I pointed that autocratic leadership was not effective for Wesfarmers because it gives higher power to the leader that negatively influence their growth. After that, I used laissez-faire leadership style in the Wesfarmers, Australia. Through laissez-faire leadership style, I gave freedom to employee and different culture team members for completing their task in their own style. This leadership style is based on let them do (Raina and Roebuck, 2016). Hence, it can be said that this leadership style effective for that employee who does not like to any interference in their work while this method could be ineffective for those who are fresher (Engelen, Flatten, Thalmann, and Brettel, 2014). I realized that this leadership style was also not effective to retain the employee in the working place and obtain reli able outcome. Moreover, I observed that my lack of understanding about the power distance and appropriate leadership style could negatively influence growth of organization. Hence, I gained my understanding towards certain leadership styles such as transactional, transformational, laissez-fair, charismatic, and autocratic leadership. In this way, I also observed that the leadership style could directly influence the productivity of employees and organization (Tong, Tak, and Wong, 2015). I pointed that transformational leadership is a method that could equal to the leader and employee at the time of working in the team. I used the transformational leadership in Wesfarmers that enable me to works with subordinates to determine the needed changes in the organization as it would be supportive to make an effective decision. I analyzed that the transformational leadership enable me enhance the motivation level, moral, and job performance of different culture of employees by creating their interest in their specified work. I determine strengths and weakness of employee for improving their productivity. Through this leadership style, I obtained favourable outcome by different culture of employees. When I worked in the Woolsworth, Australia, I used the servant leadership style to obtain positive result from different culture of employees. Through this method, leader improves and boosts the morale of employee for accomplishing their task. This leadership style enables to prioritize needs of my team and encourage them to make a collective decision (Vidyarthi, Anand, and Liden, 2014). (Bedi, and Alpaslan, Green, 2016). But, at the same time, I also analysed that I failed to attain higher profit by using this leadership style among different culture of employees. Hence, I gained my understanding about the transactional leadership style that support to make chain process at the working place. I observed that this leadership style is based on carrot-and-stick approach to managing activities of different culture of employees. I learned that transactional leadership facilitates to use the reward and punishment structure wherein leader punish those employees who perform less than satisf actory while awarding those employees who perform better at the working place (Sarooghi, Libaers, and Burkemper, 2015). It would support to make a positive atmosphere at the working place by inspiring the employee towards their work. The employee of the workplace could be inspired to work hard and obtain a feasible result. I realized that the transformational leadership style could not be effective to deal with different culture of employees. Hence, I used transformational leadership style as compared to another leadership style. It is evaluated that transformational leadership enable employees to follow their leader with enthusiasm and energy that inspires them for accomplishing their job. Moreover, when I was working in Woolworths then I applied transformational leadership as it supports me to consider motivation, innovation, and individual concern in order to communicate with different culture of employees (Daniels and Greguras, 2014). The transformational leadership style enable s me to prefer organization culture for obtaining a favourable outcome. I also learned about the characteristics of transformational leadership style that consider many factors like environment sensitivity, vision and articulation, performing the unconventional behavior, and sensitivity to employee needs. The transformational leadership supports me to influence diverse culture of employees values. The transformational leadership occurs when one and more people are engaging in the same activity for accomplishing their task (Graham, Ziegert, and Capitano, 2015). Though this leadership style, my team member encourage me and each other to attain the same goal. It supports me to obtain feasible outcome by accomplishing the organizational task. In this way, I considered four factors for dealing with diverse culture of individuals at the same place like inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, and idealized influence. Though this leadership style, d iverse culture of employee respect each other to attain the organizational aim (Bouncken, Brem, and Kraus, 2016). Through these factors, I was capable to easily inspire followers and make reliable relationship with them. Moreover, it is also evaluated that intellectual stimulation is determined as a transformational leader who demonstrates their intellectual capacity by inspiring their followers and innovative ideas (Appelbaum, Degbe, MacDonald, and Nguyen-Quang, 2015). Though this leadership style, I used innovative and creative idea, reframing problems, and questioning assumptions as it support me to effectively dealing with diverse culture of Woolworths employees in Australia. I also analyzed that this leadership style aid me and employees of Woolworths to obtain their aim in a reliable manner. Through this leadership style, both leader and team members are mutually working on the same goal that support to make effective relationship. But at the same time, I gained my understandi ng about many activates that could create an issue in the cross culture. These are inadequate trust, perception, inaccurate biases, and false communication.I also analyzed that team members of Woolworths have different religion and they make a community with same religion and use the different language as it create cultural issue at the working place (Owens, Wallace, and Waldman, 2015). In addition, it is also evaluated that perception of employees could create a cultural issue at the working place. The people who belong from the developed country and employee who belongs from developing country could create conflict at the working place. I also observed that biases could also create the cultural issues at the working palace (Naseer, Raja, Syed, Donia, and Darr, 2016). Hence, by using the transformational leadership style I resolved challenges, which are faced by me for dealing with diverse culture of employees. In addition, it is also found that the false communication could also c reate the cultural issue at the working place (Sousa, and van Dierendonck, 2017). I gained my understanding of leadership style and power distance that could a major element of the organization. This learning directly impacts on my professional and personal skills. This understanding is effective for me because I want to make my career in the human resource management team. Conclusion From the above analysis, it can also be summarized that the power distance could direct impact on the performance of the organization. It can also be concluded that the power distance has a positive impact on the communication and leadership style. It can also be illustrated that the power distance could be used to determine the equality and inequality of power between the top and bottom ranked employee. It can also be examined that an organization might be aware of the power distance due to developing a favorable environment at the workplace and obtain a reliable result. It can also be summarized that appropriate leadership style could direct impact on the productivity of the organization by gaining their interest in the assigned work. In last, it can also be addressed that the cultural values could occur for many reasons like language, perception, lack of trust, and working environment. It could influence the performance of the organization. References Appelbaum, S. H., Degbe, M. C., MacDonald, O., Nguyen-Quang, T. S. (2015). Organizational outcomes of leadership style and resistance to change (Part Two).Industrial and Commercial Training,47(3), 135-144. Bedi, A., Alpaslan, C. M., Green, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of ethical leadership outcomes and moderators.Journal of Business Ethics,139(3), 517-536. Berson, Y., Halevy, N., Shamir, B., Erez, M. (2015). Leading from different psychological distances: A construal-level perspective on visual communication, goal setting, and follower motivation.The Leadership Quarterly,26(2), 143-155. Bouncken, R., Brem, A., Kraus, S. (2016). Multi-cultural teams as sources for creativity and innovation: The role of cultural diversity on team performance.International Journal of Innovation Management,20(01), 1650012. Daniels, M. A., Greguras, G. J. (2014). Exploring the nature of power distance: Implications for micro-and macro-level theories, processes, and outcomes.Journal of Management,40(5), 1202-1229. Engelen, A., Flatten, T. C., Thalmann, J., Brettel, M. (2014). The effect of organizational culture on entrepreneurial orientation: A comparison between Germany and Thailand.Journal of Small Business Management,52(4), 732-752. Graham, K. A., Ziegert, J. C., Capitano, J. (2015). The effect of leadership style, framing, and promotion regulatory focus on unethical pro-organizational behavior.Journal of business ethics,126(3), 423-436. Kahai, S., Avolio, B. J., Sosik, J. J. (2017). E?Leadership.The Wiley Blackwell handbook of the psychology of the internet at work, 285-314. Lee, M. R. (2016).Leading virtual project teams: Adapting leadership theories and communications techniques to 21st-century organizations. UK: Auerbach Publications. Men, L. R. (2014). Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction.Management Communication Quarterly,28(2), 264-284. Naseer, S., Raja, U., Syed, F., Donia, M. B., Darr, W. (2016). Perils of being close to a bad leader in a bad environment: Exploring the combined effects of despotic leadership, leader-member exchange, and perceived organizational politics on behaviors.The Leadership Quarterly,27(1), 14-33. Northouse, P. G. (2018).Leadership: Theory and practice. USA: Sage publications. Owens, B. P., Wallace, A. S., Waldman, D. A. (2015). Leader narcissism and follower outcomes: The counterbalancing effect of leader humility.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(4), 1203. Raina, R., Roebuck, D. B. (2016). Exploring cultural influence on managerial communication in relation to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and the employees propensity to leave in the insurance sector of India.International Journal of Business Communication,53(1), 97-130. Sarooghi, H., Libaers, D., Burkemper, A. (2015). Examining the relationship between creativity and innovation: A meta-analysis of organizational, cultural, and environmental factors.Journal of business venturing,30(5), 714-731. Sousa, M., van Dierendonck, D. (2017). Servant leadership and the effect of the interaction between humility, action, and hierarchical power on follower engagement.Journal of Business Ethics,141(1), 13-25. Tong, C., Tak, W. I. W., Wong, A. (2015). The impact of knowledge sharing on the relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction: The perception of information communication and technology (ICT) practitioners in Hong Kong.International Journal of Human Resource Studies,5(1), 19. Vidyarthi, P. R., Anand, S., Liden, R. C. (2014). Do emotionally perceptive leaders motivate higher employee performance? The moderating role of task interdependence and power distance.The Leadership Quarterly,25(2), 232-244. Zhang, J., Ahammad, M. F., Tarba, S., Cooper, C. L., Glaister, K. W., Wang, J. (2015). The effect of leadership style on talent retention during merger and acquisition integration: Evidence from China.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(7), 1021-1050. Zhang, X. A., Li, N., Ullrich, J., van Dick, R. (2015). Getting everyone on board: The effect of differentiated transformational leadership by CEOs on top management team effectiveness and leader-rated firm performance.Journal of Management,41(7), 1898-1933

Consumer Law Australian Motor Industries

Question: Describe about the Consumer Law for Australian Motor Industries. Answer: 1. Three strategies adopted towards regulatory compliance The Australian Motors Industries is an automobile assembly firm. This company was started in 1926. The increase tariffs on import on vehicles have enhanced the growth of the Australian vehicle industry. The concessions on tax differed. The industries have started changing and there was a demise of the small body building industries. The Australian company was having English partners, (Eprofitfocus, 2014). The company negotiated with Daimler-Benz in 1958 to distribute and assemble Mercedes Benz in Australia, (Amc, 2016). This way the AMI has started making business and increased the business and also the share market, (Industry, 2016). The strategies applied by them are to make more business by forming agreement with different other automobile companies inside or outside Australia. They use some local made parts while assembling the body of the vehicles which also increase the employment as well as the use of local raw materials. This makes the price of the vehicle affordable for the general people of Australia, (Digplanet, 2016). This will increase the sell of the vehicle which will increase the business of both the company. The amalgamation of the AMI with Toyota has proved to be the milestone of the company. The first car of Toyota that has been made outside Japan was in Australia by AMI. This amalgamation has also increased the rate of shares of the AMI. The company changed its name and the new name was AMI Toyota Ltd in 1985 and was still listed in the stock exchange. Promotion of competition These strategies will indeed promote and increase the competition of the automobile industries in Australia. The amalgamation with different companies outside Australia will become threat to the local automobile industries. The AMI, as it make the body of the vehicle and assemble it will make sure that the cost of assembling should be cut so that the selling price of the vehicle becomes less compare to other companies. This is completely a business strategy. This action will increase the sell of the vehicle, which will enhance the business and will also help to earn more profit. The vehicle company should get profit in the country as this will help in growing the business of AMI. The AMI has started making the Matadors with more specific and modern technologies. They have included power windows, power steering, air conditioning, with an AM Radio. These modern technologies have made the other companies to think about such technologies to implant them in their vehicle. The AMI is doing this with a lower cost with the help of the other companies. This cannot be done by the other companies if they are not amalgamated. The AMI does not compromise with the quality of their work in order to cut the cost. This is one more reason behind the increase in competition of the assembling vehicles in the Australian market. This amalgamation has proved to be a boon for the AMI. Recommendation The AMI should look after the strategies they are making and should change according to the demand and the market. The strategies should change also according to the company it is amalgamating and the employees working therein. Forming an amalgamation means getting into a contract. The agreement made should be according to the law of Australia and not of the law of the country of the other party. The management of the AMI should make the terms of the agreement very consciously so that no misrepresentation is being made in the agreement. Any breach of term or any misrepresentation will make the contract void, and the AMI will be committing an offence. The management of the company should be working properly and should be honest amongst them. This will initiate and enhance in smooth working of the company. The company is should take care of the consumers. It should follow the rules and provision provided in the Consumer law of Australia. The AMI is a company that assembles the body of the vehicles, and also makes the parts of the vehicles. They should think about the customer satisfaction and also should make the vehicle with a price that will be affordable for the general people. The customers, who are the consumers according to the consumer law, should not face any problem regarding the vehicle they are purchasing. Any grievances should be made to the company and the company is bound to look after the problems. It is the duty of the company to look after the comfort level of the customers. And the company is also bound to make or give proper information regarding the vehicle. Any false representation or using of materials below quality will reduce the goodwill of the company. This reduction of goodwill will hamper the company to any extent. At first, the company will move down in the stock exchange, the rate of the shares will also fall down, (Futureinaustralia, 2016). Because of this the contract for amalgamation will also come to an end. Therefore, the manage ment of the company should make strategies and decisions that will comply with the market resulting to competition and will also be according to the provisions of the Competition and Consumer Act. 2. The facts of the case that Bungee World Ltd ("BW), is the worlds highest bungee jumping platform. The name of the platform is Sea Monster. The interested participants has to pay $50 for the jump and has to sign a form where it has been mentioned that the Bungee World Ltd. is nowhere responsible for the death or any injury caused to the participant during the bungee jump and other relevant terms. An investment banker, Loki went for bungee jumping on the Sea Monster. He duly pays the fees and signs the form. After that he went to the platform where he met Kate, who is a bungee instructor. She had been working as an instructor since last 10 years. Kate, got him ready and ensures that his legs are tied up properly to the safety rope. Loki makes the jump and somehow a part of the steel platform has broken down from the main platform. The safety rope was attached to the steel platform. This happened due to the sea moisture. Loki did not get harm severely but had a nervous breakdown. He wants to sue BW for the negligence on its part. There is a case of negligence on the part of Loki. As he has suffered from an injury (emotional distress), he can sue BW for the injury caused to him. For this it is very important to understand the actual meaning of negligence. Negligence in general can be termed as carelessness. It is a kind of tort. In legal terms, it signifies failure to exercise the standard of care which the doer as a reasonable man should understand and have followed the same and have acted in accordance with the circumstances. In general term, there is a legal duty to take care where it should have been forseeable that failure to do the act will cause injury. Negligence is a way in which kinds of harms may be caused, by not taking any adequate measure to avoid during such circumstances. Any harm may be caused to someone negligently though was not careless and tries to be careful, if the care taken was such as the court deems inadequate in the circumstances. For proving the negligence, the plaintiff has to prove that there is a duty of care towards the plaintiff. The duty means a legal duty, (Lawhandbook, 2016). The plaintiff has to proof that the defendant owed to him a certain duty of taking care and has made a breach of it. No definition of duty has been provided anywhere. It depends on the circumstances and it varies from one another. In Donough v. Stevenson (1932), it has been stated that there must be proper and reasonable care that has to be taken care of which can cause injury and can be foreseen. Here, Loki is responsible to proof that the BW is negligible on its part as it could have foreseen the injury that has caused to him, (Ruralandgeneral, 2016). The BW could have taken proper care in order to prevent the injury caused to Loki. Therefore, BW has caused negligence. The duty of the defendant also depends on the reasonable foreseeability of the injury. This means that if during the act, the defendant could have foreseen the damage that may cause to a person or the plaintiff and still he does the act or could not prevent the injury, the defendant is liable for the negligence, (Legalaid, 2016). This has been mentioned in the famous case of Glassgow v Muir (1943). The ability of foreseeing also varies from person to person. If this point is considered, then also BW is responsible for the negligence made on its part that has caused injury to Loki. If the injury is not foreseen, the defendant is not responsible on its part though the plaintiff may sue him. Another point that has to be proved by the plaintiff is that damage has been caused to him. The damage caused to the plaintiff is because of the negligence made on the part of the defendant and the damage could have been prevented, if taken proper precautions. The damage if not proved, the defendant will not be liable for any negligence. The ALRC has divided the damage into two parts, (Alrc, 2016). First, physical injury- an injury that has caused bodily harm or has damaged any body parts and can be seen or make out by other people. Second is the mental injury. Any injury that has cause mental dis-balance or agony, emotional distress, nervous breakdown and similar other things can be termed as mental injury. Here, Loki has nervous breakdown but is not having any bodily injury. If all these conditions are fulfilled and are satisfied then the BW will be held liable. But there is a form that has to be signed by all the participants that BW will not be held liable for any damage caused to the participants. Loki has also signed the said form. Therefore, in this case, BW will not be held liable for the negligence claimed by Loki. But for the near future, BW should take care pf the participants and also maintain the platforms and safety rope properly so that no further accident takes place. 3. What are the National Employment Standards All the workplaces, i.e., companies, industries, factories etc., are guided by the Fair Act, 2009. The National Employment Standards are also guided by the Fair Works Act, 2009, (Fairwork, 2016). The National Employment Standards are the ten entitlements at the minimum level that has to be maintained by all the employment sectors and has to be provided to all the employees of the concerned sector, (TDA, 2016). The ten entitlements referred in the National Employment Standards are: The employees of a concerned should work for 38 hours per work and also additional hours which are reasonable. They are not supposed to work more than that. There must be right given to certain employees who may request the employer to provide for flexible working arrangement. The employees have the right to get an unpaid leave for 12 months and also request for an unpaid leave for another 12 months if required and also get leave for any sort of parental leave. The employees are entitled to get paid leave for four weeks in a year and also additional leave for those employees who are shift workers. The employees are entitled to get unpaid leave willingly for any emergency activities or leave for service of jury where the employees will be paid for 10 days if the take leave for jury service. The employees are entitled to get which comes from a pre-modernised award. The employees are entitled to get 10 days paid personal leave, two days unpaid carers eave and two days compassionate leave, i.e., leave granted under sympathy. The employees are also entitled to get paid leave on the public holidays. Notice up to five weeks must be given before termination and on redundancy; 16 weeks severance pay must be given. The employers should be provided with Fair work Statement and the rolesof Fair Work Commission, (Ieuvictas, 2016). Why do these standards apply The NES applies to all the employees working in the national workplace relations system without any regard to the employment contract, award that applies to the employees. But there are only certain rights, i.e., maximum working hours, carers leave etc., that has been entitled to the casual employees, (Fwc, 2016). Being a head of human resource of an Australian Engineering company, a proper record has to be maintained, the grievances of the employees should be heard of and a sudden inspection has to be made in the company, in order to ensure that the company is not contravening any of these standards, (Awu, 2016). 4. The fact of this case is that Rebecca, who is an old woman, lives alone in Brisbane. The only language in which she can communicate is English. This is because she has recently migrated to Australia from Italy. She receives a call one day from Dave, who is a representative of a plumbing company. The call was made randomly for a general plumbing check for free. Dave tried to make Rebecca understand that this plumbing check was for free, just to check the condition of the pipes and taps of her house and it does not include any liability. She agreed for the plumbing check and on the very next Dave went to her house. After the checkup, Dave concluded that the pipes and taps are in good condition, (Consumerlaw, 2016). He then suggested Rebecca to buy an Ono filter which contains latest reverse osmosis technology for $2,000, including the installation. He said that he is having one unit of the said filter in his vehicle parked outside, (Australiancontractlaw, 2016). Rebecca did not want to buy the filter but after and was not interested to spend any money. But as Dave went on convincing her for two hours, Rebecca at last got convinced and she signed the contract for buying the Ono filter, (Legislation, 2016). She did this under pressure and not by her consent, (Lawbuddy, 2016). Next Dave stated that if she refrains from the cooling-off period then he could install the filter and Rebecca agrees in doing so, (Libguides, 2016). The issue is that Rebecca does not have any complain against the filter as it was working properly. But she did not have any need for the filter and she felt pressurized to sign the contract. The law which is applicable in this case is the contract which has been made is by undue influence, (Lawhandbook, 2016). Undue influence means a situation where one party dominates the will of the other party and takes the unfair advantage of the position over the other party. The agreement made under such term is voidable at the option of the party who was forced to enter into the agreement. There is no remedy or rights available for Rebecca under Section 21 of the Australian Consumer Law, (Consumerlaw, 2016). All she can do is to give an application before the court, where the court after it is satisfied will set aside the said agreement. Reference Alrc. (2016). Negligence. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from alrc.gov.au: www.alrc.gov.au 7. Fault Amc. (2016). Australian Motors Industries. 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(2014). 2014 Australian Motor Industry Overview. Retrieved october 04, 2016, from eprofitfocus.com: https://www.eprofitfocus.com/market-intelligence/motor-industry... Fairwork. (2016). National Entitlement Standards. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from fairwork.gov.au: www.fairwork.gov.au Employee entitlements Futureinaustralia. (2016). Major industries in Australia. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from futureinaustralia.com: www.futureinaustralia.com/students/major-industries-in-australia Fwc. (2016). National Employment Standards. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from fwc.gov.au: www.fwc.gov.au Minimum wages conditions Ieuvictas. (2016). National Employment standards. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from ieuvictas.org.au: www.ieuvictas.org.au/files/8613/4214/4413/nes.pdf PDF file Industry. (2016). Automotive industry. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from industry.gov.au: www.industry.gov.au/Industry/IndustrySectors/Automotive/Pages/... Lawbuddy. (2016). Contract Law in Australia. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from lawbuddy.com.au: www.lawbuddy.com.au/knowledge-base/contracts-in-australia Lawhandbook. (2016). elements of contract. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from lawhandbook.org.au: www.lawhandbook.org.au Contentsl Lawhandbook. (2016). Negligence. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from lawhandbook.sa.gov.au: www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES Legalaid. (2016). Negligence. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from legalaid.wa.gov.au: www.legalaid.wa.gov.au Birth, life, death Personal injury LEGISLATION. (2016). Australian Consumer Law and Fair Trading Act 2012. Retrieved from legislation.vic.gov.au: www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/PubStatbook.nsf/f LEGISLATION. (2016). Competition and Consumer Act 2010. Retrieved from legislation.gov.au: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00004/Html/Volume_3 Legislation. (2016). Competitoin and consumer act 2010. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from legislation.gov.au: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00620 Libguides. (2016). Contract Law. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from libguides.acu.edu.au: libguides.acu.edu.au/c.php?g=234001p=1553441 Ruralandgeneral. (2016). What is Negligence. Retrieved October 04, 2016, from ruralandgeneral.com.cu: www.ruralandgeneral.com.au/insurance-consumer-what-is-negligence.php TDA. (2016). National Entitlement to Training. Retrieved from tda.edu.au: www.tda.edu.au/cb_pages/...National_entitlement_to_training_V4.pdf PDF